Thursday, July 23, 2026
- Supervised Machine Learningv10See also: Machine learning terms Supervised machine learning is a branch of machine learning in which a model learns a mapping from inputs to outputs by...
- Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD)v9See also: Machine learning terms Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is an iterative optimization algorithm that updates model parameters using the gradient of...
- Supervised Learningv8See also: Machine learning, Unsupervised learning, Reinforcement learning Supervised learning is a type of machine learning in which an algorithm learns from...
- Supervised fine-tuningv6Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is the process of further training a pre-trained large language model (LLM) on a smaller, labeled dataset of input-output pairs so...
- Summaryv4See also: TensorFlow, TensorBoard, Machine learning terms In TensorFlow, a summary is a piece of data written to disk during training so that it can later be...
- TPU Typev5The types of TPU (Tensor Processing Unit) are the successive generations of custom machine-learning accelerator that Google has built since 2015: v1, v2, v3,...
- TPU Nodev7A TPU node is the legacy Google Cloud architecture for accessing Tensor Processing Unit (TPU) hardware, in which a user's virtual machine (VM) runs application...
- TPU Slicev6A TPU slice is a collection of Tensor Processing Unit (TPU) chips that all sit inside the same Google Cloud TPU Pod and are connected to one another by a...
- Synthetic Featurev6A synthetic feature (also called a constructed feature or derived feature) is a variable created by transforming, combining, or otherwise manipulating one or...
- TPU Chipv9This article covers the TPU chip and its hardware. For the broader topic, see Tensor Processing Unit (TPU). The Tensor Processing Unit (TPU) is a custom...
- TPU Masterv6The TPU master is the control and coordination role in Google's Tensor Processing Unit (TPU) system that drives the actual TPU computation. In the TensorFlow...
- System promptv6See also: Prompt, User prompt, and Prompt engineering A system prompt is a special set of instructions, guidelines, persona definitions, and contextual...
- TPU Podv6See also: Tensor Processing Unit (TPU), Cloud TPU, Data parallelism, Model parallelism, Distributed training A TPU Pod is a single Google supercomputer built...
- Stridev7Stride is the step size by which a filter (or pooling window) moves across the input in a convolutional neural network (CNN): a stride of 1 shifts the filter...
- SimpleBenchv3--- SimpleBench: The Text Benchmark in which Unspecialized Human Performance Exceeds that of Current Frontier Models Description July 24, 2024 Public...
- Social Mediav5See also: Social Media ChatGPT Plugins Artificial intelligence shapes nearly every part of modern social media, from the order of posts in a feed to the...
- SimpleQAv6SimpleQA is a factuality benchmark released by OpenAI on October 30, 2024 that measures whether large language models can answer short, fact-seeking questions...
- Softmaxv10See also: Machine learning terms The softmax function is a mathematical function that converts a vector of real numbers, often called logits, into a...
- Social Media ChatGPT Pluginsv4See also: ChatGPT Plugins, ChatGPT Plugin Categories and Social Media Social Media ChatGPT Plugins were third-party extensions for ChatGPT that connected the...
- Sigmoid Functionv12See also: Machine learning terms The sigmoid function is a mathematical function that maps any real number to a value between 0 and 1 using the formula ,...
- Software Development ChatGPT Pluginsv4See also: ChatGPT Plugins, ChatGPT Plugin Categories and Software Development Software Development ChatGPT Plugins were a now-deprecated category of ChatGPT...
- Sketchingv7See also: Machine learning terms Sketching is a family of techniques in computer science, machine learning, and database systems that use small probabilistic...
- SmolVLAv5See also: Terms and artificial intelligence terms SmolVLA (Small Vision-Language-Action) is a compact, open-source vision-language-action model (VLA) for...
- Software Developmentv4See also: Software Development ChatGPT Plugins AI in software development is the use of large language models and other machine learning systems to write,...
- Softwarev3See also: Software ChatGPT Plugins The phrase AI in software, or AI-powered software products, covers the integration of artificial intelligence, especially...
- Stepv5See also: Machine learning terms In machine learning, a step is one discrete update in an iterative process, most often a single update of a model's parameters...
- Spacev4See also: Space ChatGPT Plugins Artificial intelligence in space refers to the use of machine learning, deep learning, autonomous planning systems, and other...
- Size invariancev6See also: Machine learning terms Size invariance, also called scale invariance, is the property of a model, feature, or algorithm that produces the same output...
- Space ChatGPT Pluginsv4Space ChatGPT plugins were a group of third-party tools that extended ChatGPT with the ability to fetch astronomical imagery, track the International Space...
- Step sizev6See also: learning rate, parameter update, Adam, SGD In machine learning, the step size (also called the learning rate, usually written as the Greek letter ...
- Similarity Measurev8See also: Machine learning, Clustering, Information retrieval A similarity measure (also called a similarity function or similarity metric) is a real-valued...
- Software ChatGPT Pluginsv5See also: ChatGPT Plugins, ChatGPT Plugin Categories and Software Software ChatGPT Plugins were a broad category of third-party extensions inside ChatGPT that...
- Sparse Representationv7See also: Machine learning terms Sparse representation is a data encoding strategy in which most values in a vector, matrix, or tensor are zero (or near zero),...
- Sparse Featurev7A sparse feature is a feature in machine learning whose values are predominantly zero or empty across a dataset. Google's Machine Learning Crash Course defines...
- Selection Biasv8Selection bias is a systematic error that occurs when the data used for analysis, training, or evaluation does not accurately represent the population or...
- Servingv4See also: Inference, Model, Training, MLOps In machine learning, serving (also called model serving or inference serving) is the process of deploying a trained...
- Sentence-transformers/all-mpnet-base-v2 modelv5Hugging Face sentence-transformers/all-mpnet-base-v2 Name all-mpnet-base-v2 User / Organization sentence-transformers Type Natural Language Processing Task...
- Sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2 modelv6Sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2 model Hugging Face sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2 Name all-MiniLM-L6-v2 User / Organization...
- Self-Improvement ChatGPT Pluginsv5Self-Improvement ChatGPT Plugins were third party tools available inside the ChatGPT plugins marketplace that focused on personal growth, habit formation,...
- AI in retail and e-commercev3AI in retail and e-commerce refers to the use of artificial intelligence techniques across the retail value chain, from how products are recommended and...
- Sensitive Attributev4A sensitive attribute (also called a protected attribute or protected characteristic) is any feature in a dataset that corresponds to a legally or ethically...
- Semi-Supervised Learningv9See also: Machine learning terms Semi-supervised learning is a machine learning approach that trains a model on a small amount of labeled data together with a...
- AI in self-improvementv3AI in self-improvement refers to the use of artificial intelligence, and since 2023 especially generative AI built on large language models, in consumer...
- Self-trainingv7See also: Machine learning terms Self-training is a semi-supervised learning procedure in which a model trained on a small labeled set is used to generate...
- Shrinkagev5See also: Machine learning terms Shrinkage in machine learning and statistics is a regularization technique that deliberately pulls model coefficient estimates...
- Shopping ChatGPT Pluginsv4See also: ChatGPT Plugins, ChatGPT Plugin Categories and Shopping Shopping ChatGPT Plugins were a now-deprecated set of third party tools, published in the...
- Sequence-to-Sequence Taskv10See also: Machine learning terms, Natural language processing, Recurrent neural network A sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) task is any machine learning problem...
- Search Engine ChatGPT Pluginsv4See also: ChatGPT Plugins, ChatGPT Plugin Categories and Search Engine Search engine ChatGPT plugins were a class of third party and first party extensions for...
- Self-Supervised Learningv9See also: Machine learning terms Self-supervised learning (SSL) is a machine learning approach in which a model learns representations from unlabeled data by...
- Sentiment Analysisv9See also: Machine learning terms Sentiment analysis, also called opinion mining or emotion AI, is the use of natural language processing to automatically...
- Segment Anything Model and Dataset (SAM and SA-1B)v8See also: Papers, Models and Datasets See also: Computer Vision Papers, Computer Vision Models and Computer Vision Datasets Website Dataset GitHub --- ---...
- Sequence Modelv8A sequence model is a class of machine learning models that processes, generates, or predicts ordered data where the position and surrounding context of each...
- Sentence Similarity Modelsv5Sentence similarity models are machine learning systems that map natural language sentences to fixed-length numerical vectors (sentence embeddings) so that...
- Shape (Tensor)v4See also: Machine learning terms, Tensor, Tensor size In machine learning, the shape of a tensor is the tuple of integers giving the size of the tensor along...
- Science ChatGPT Pluginsv4Science ChatGPT plugins were a group of third-party tools that extended ChatGPT with the ability to perform exact computation, fetch peer-reviewed literature,...
- Scalingv8See also: Machine learning terms, scaling laws, test-time compute In machine learning and artificial intelligence, scaling is an umbrella term for several...
- Sampling with replacementv7Sampling with replacement is a method of drawing items from a population in which each selected item is returned to the pool before the next draw, so the same...
- Scalarv9See also: vector, matrix, tensor, linear algebra, gradient descent A scalar is a single numerical value, a quantity with magnitude but no direction, and the...
- Runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5 modelv7See also: Stable Diffusion, Stable Diffusion XL, Latent Diffusion Value --- runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5 (deprecated) Active community mirrors Runway...
- Robotics Modelsv4Robotics models are machine learning systems that give robots the ability to perceive their surroundings, plan actions, and execute motor control. They span...
- Rotational invariancev4See also: Machine learning terms Rotational invariance is the property of a model, function, or feature whose output does not change when the input is rotated....
- Rootv4See also: Machine learning terms In machine learning, the root is the starting node of a decision tree: the single topmost node that holds the entire training...
- Scoringv4See also: Machine learning terms Scoring is the process of applying a trained machine learning model to data so it produces an output number, either a...
- SavedModelv6See also: Machine learning terms A SavedModel is the standardized, language-neutral serialization format that TensorFlow uses to package a complete, trained...
- SEO ChatGPT Pluginsv4See also: ChatGPT Plugins, ChatGPT Plugin Categories and SEO SEO ChatGPT Plugins were a group of third-party extensions for ChatGPT that handled search engine...
- Saverv4See also: Machine learning terms In machine learning, a Saver is a utility or class that persists and restores the state of a model, its variables, and its...
- Sampling Biasv7Sampling bias is a systematic error in statistics and machine learning that occurs when a sample is collected so that some members of the intended population...
- Search Enginev4A search engine is a software system that retrieves information from a corpus (the web, a private dataset, or a document store) and ranks results by relevance...
- SWE-benchv12Software Engineering Benchmark Abbreviation A benchmark for evaluating large language models and AI agents on real-world software engineering tasks from...
- Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE)v5See also: Mean Squared Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), also known as root mean square deviation (RMSD), is a regression...
- Root directoryv4See also: Machine learning terms In machine learning, a root directory is the top level folder, on a local disk or in object storage, under which a training...
- SEOv4See also: SEO ChatGPT Plugins Search engine optimization (SEO) is the practice of preparing websites and other content so that search engines surface them in...
- SWE-bench Verifiedv7Software Engineering Benchmark, Verified subset Abbreviation A 500-task, human-validated subset of SWE-bench for evaluating AI agents on real-world GitHub...
- SciCodev4--- Full name SciCode Description July 2024 (arXiv); NeurIPS 2024 Datasets and Benchmarks Track Authors University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign,...
- Research & Analysisv5Research & Analysis in the AI sense refers to the use of artificial intelligence, especially large language models paired with retrieval-augmented generation,...
- Recall (metric)v6See also: Machine learning terms Recall is a classification and retrieval metric that measures the proportion of actual positive instances a model correctly...
- Regularization Ratev9The regularization rate (commonly denoted as or alpha) is a hyperparameter that controls the strength of the penalty applied to a model's parameters during...
- Reporting Biasv4See also: Machine learning terms, Bias, Selection bias Reporting bias is a type of data bias in machine learning that occurs when the frequency of events,...
- ReasoningBankv5ReasoningBank is a novel memory framework for Large language model (LLM) AI agents that enables continuous self-improvement by distilling generalizable...
- Rewardv8See also: Reinforcement Learning, Policy, Q-Learning, Bellman Equation In reinforcement learning (RL), a reward is a scalar feedback signal that an environment...
- Regularizationv10See also: Machine learning terms Regularization is a set of techniques used in machine learning to prevent overfitting by adding constraints or penalties...
- Representationv6See also: Machine learning terms A representation in machine learning is the format in which a data example is encoded before a model processes it: the same...
- Return (Reinforcement Learning)v7In reinforcement learning, the return (commonly denoted ) is the total cumulative reward an agent receives from time step onward, usually with future...
- Ridge Regularizationv7Ridge regularization, also known as L2 regularization or Tikhonov regularization, is a technique in statistics and machine learning that adds a squared L2-norm...
- Recommendation Systemv10See also: Machine learning terms A recommendation system (also called a recommender system) is an information filtering system that predicts a user's...
- Regression (statistics and machine learning)v7Regression is a family of statistical and machine learning methods for modelling the relationship between a numeric outcome variable and one or more...
- AI and religionv3See also: Religion ChatGPT Plugins AI and religion refers to the use of artificial intelligence within religious life and to the responses that faith...
- Religion ChatGPT Pluginsv3See also: ChatGPT Plugins, ChatGPT Plugin Categories and Religion Religion ChatGPT Plugins were a small topical grouping inside the ChatGPT plugin catalogue...
- Recursive self-improvementv7Recursive self-improvement (RSI) is a process in which an artificial intelligence system improves its own intelligence or its ability to improve itself, so...
- Recurrent Neural Networkv11See also: Machine learning terms A recurrent neural network (RNN) is a class of artificial neural network designed to process sequential data by maintaining an...
- Reinforcement learningv15Reinforcement learning (RL) is a branch of machine learning in which an agent learns to make decisions by taking actions in an environment to maximize a...
- Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU)v10See also: Activation function, Deep learning, Neural network The Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) is the most widely used activation function in deep learning,...
- Reflection AIv7Private company Industry March 2024 Founders 300 Kent Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, United States Offices Misha Laskin (CEO), Ioannis Alexandros...
- Replay Bufferv6A replay buffer (also called an experience replay buffer or replay memory) is a fixed-size memory that stores an off-policy reinforcement learning agent's past...
- Question Answering Modelsv5See also: Natural Language Processing Models and Tasks Question answering (QA) models are natural language processing systems that take a natural-language...
- Random Policyv7See also: Reinforcement Learning, Policy, Epsilon Greedy Policy, Q-Learning A random policy is a reinforcement learning policy that chooses actions from a...
- Quantile bucketingv4See also: Discretization, Feature engineering, Quantile Quantile bucketing, also called quantile binning, equal-frequency binning, or quantile discretization,...
- Real Estatev4See also: Real Estate ChatGPT Plugins Real estate has become one of the most data heavy industries to adopt artificial intelligence, with applications spanning...
- Quantizationv7Quantization in machine learning and artificial intelligence is the process of reducing the numerical precision of a neural network's parameters (weights,...
- Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF)v10Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is a machine learning technique that trains artificial intelligence systems to behave according to human...
