Recent changes

RSS

4,115 articles updated. New pages start at v1; higher version numbers mean an existing article was revised. Page 37 of 42.

Thursday, July 23, 2026

Lossv8See also: Machine learning, Loss function, Gradient descent In machine learning, loss (sometimes called error) is a single non-negative number that measures...
Loss Functionv12See also: Machine learning terms A loss function is a mathematical formula that measures how far a machine learning model's prediction is from the correct...
Longform Creative Writingv5Longform Creative Writing is a capability area and benchmark family for large language models that measures how well a system can write coherent, engaging...
Linear modelv7A linear model is any statistics or machine learning model whose prediction is a linear function of its input features, of the form f(x) = g(w1 x1 + w2 x2 +...
Log-Oddsv8Log-odds, also known as the logit, is a mathematical transformation that converts a probability value between 0 and 1 into a real number spanning from negative...
Linearv6See also: Machine learning terms In machine learning and mathematics, linear describes a function or relationship in which the output is built from the inputs...
Loss Curvev7See also: Machine learning terms, Loss function A loss curve is a plot that shows the value of a loss function over the course of training a machine learning...
List of ChatGPT Pluginsv8See also: ChatGPT Plugins, ChatGPT Plugin Categories and Plugins The List of ChatGPT Plugins is a directory of the third party and first party plugins that...
Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)v5Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is a specialized type of recurrent neural network (RNN) architecture designed to learn long-range dependencies in sequential...
Lifestyle ChatGPT Pluginsv5Lifestyle ChatGPT Plugins were third party tools available inside the ChatGPT plugins marketplace that addressed everyday personal interests such as astrology,...
Linear Regressionv10Linear regression is a statistical method that models the relationship between one or more independent variables (the predictors or features) and a continuous...
Legal ChatGPT Pluginsv4See also: ChatGPT Plugins, ChatGPT Plugin Categories and Legal Legal ChatGPT Plugins were a category of third-party extensions for ChatGPT that connected the...
Logistic Regressionv12See also: Machine learning terms Logistic regression is a statistical method that models the probability of a binary (yes/no) outcome as a function of one or...
Lifestyle Custom GPTsv4See also: Custom GPTs, GPT Store and ChatGPT Lifestyle Custom GPTs are user-built versions of ChatGPT listed under the Lifestyle category of the GPT Store,...
Least Squares Regressionv6Least squares regression is a statistical method that fits a model to data by choosing the parameters that minimize the sum of the squared residuals, the...
Layers API (tf.layers)v6See also: Machine learning terms The Layers API (commonly written as tf.layers) was a high-level layer abstraction in TensorFlow that provided pre-built,...
Language Learning ChatGPT Pluginsv4Language learning ChatGPT plugins were a small but visible group of third-party tools that extended ChatGPT with translation, foreign-language explanation,...
Large Language Modelv14See also: Machine learning terms, Natural language processing, Transformer A large language model (LLM) is an artificial intelligence system built on a...
Knowledge Distillationv8Knowledge distillation (also known as model distillation) is a model compression technique in machine learning in which a smaller model, called the student, is...
LangChainv11See also: Prompt engineering and Retrieval-augmented generation LangChain is an open-source software framework for building applications powered by large...
Keymate.AI GPT (Beta)v5Keymate.AI GPT (Beta) is the listing name in the GPT Store for Keymate AI Search & Browse with Linked Memory, a third-party tool that adds real-time web...
Legalv4See also: Legal ChatGPT Plugins Legal AI is the use of artificial intelligence, particularly machine learning and large language models, to assist with the...
Language Learningv4See also: Language Learning ChatGPT Plugins Language learning is one of the first consumer markets to be reshaped by generative AI: since 2023, apps such as...
Leafv5See also: Machine learning terms A leaf (also called a terminal node) is a node in a decision tree that has no children and holds the model's prediction. Every...
Law ChatGPT Pluginsv4Law ChatGPT plugins were a category of third-party tools that connected ChatGPT to legal codes, case law databases, legislative trackers, and lawyer...
Language Modelv5See also: Machine learning terms, Large language model A language model is a probabilistic model that assigns a probability to a sequence of words or tokens in...
Keypointsv6In computer vision, keypoints (also called interest points, feature points, or salient points) are distinctive locations in an image that can be reliably...
Learning Ratev10The learning rate is a hyperparameter in machine learning that controls how much a model's parameters change in response to the estimated error each time the...
Landmarksv7Landmarks are reference points used as anchors in two largely separate areas of machine learning. In manifold learning and dimension reduction, landmarks are a...
Layerv6A layer is the fundamental building block of a neural network: an organized group of neurons (also called nodes or units) that together apply one mathematical...
Lambdav5See also: Machine learning terms Lambda (the Greek letter λ) is a symbol used across machine learning, statistics, and computer science to denote several...
Labelv5See also: Machine learning terms In machine learning, a label is the target output value associated with a single training example: the correct answer that a...
LegalGPTv6--- Information LegalGPT Platform GPT Store Model Research & Analysis Description RAHUL PORWAL[1] OpenAI URL 6,000 Web Browsing Yes Free ...
Labeled examplev5See also: Machine learning terms A labeled example is a single data point used to train a machine learning model that consists of one or more input features...
K-Meansv10See also: Machine learning terms K-means is an unsupervised machine learning clustering algorithm that partitions a dataset into k distinct, non-overlapping...
Kernel Support Vector Machines (KSVMs)v6See also: Machine learning terms A kernel support vector machine (kernel SVM, or KSVM) is a supervised learning algorithm that finds the maximum-margin...
Inter-rater agreementv4See also: Machine learning terms Inter-rater agreement is the degree of consensus among two or more independent raters when they label or score the same set of...
IoUv6See also: Machine learning terms Intersection over Union (IoU), also known as the Jaccard index or Jaccard similarity coefficient, is the standard overlap...
Iterationv6An iteration in machine learning is a single update of a model's parameters during training, performed by processing one batch of data: the model makes...
Inferencev10AI inference is the process of running a fully trained machine learning model on new, previously unseen data to produce a prediction, classification, or...
K-Medianv8K-median clustering (also written k-medians) is a partitioning-based clustering algorithm that divides a dataset of objects into groups by minimizing the...
Item matrixv8See also: Machine learning terms In collaborative filtering and matrix factorization recommender systems, the item matrix (commonly written V, sometimes Q or...
Internet ChatGPT Pluginsv4See also: ChatGPT Plugins, ChatGPT Plugin Categories and Internet Internet ChatGPT Plugins were third-party and first-party extensions inside the ChatGPT...
Inference pathv4See also: Machine learning terms The inference path is the sequence of nodes that a single example visits as it travels from the root node of a decision tree...
Intersection over union (IoU)v5See also: machine learning terms Intersection over Union (IoU) is the standard computer vision evaluation metric that measures how well a predicted region...
Instancev4In machine learning and statistics, an instance is a single data point in a dataset: the values of one row of features and, optionally, a label [18]. It is the...
Jetson Thorv8NVIDIA Jetson Thor (also marketed as Jetson AGX Thor) is a Blackwell architecture edge AI computing module developed by NVIDIA that delivers up to 2,070 FP4...
Input Layerv8See also: Machine learning terms The input layer is the first layer of a neural network: it receives the raw feature vector for each data sample and passes...
Information Gainv7Information Gain (IG) is a measure from information theory that quantifies the reduction in entropy (uncertainty) achieved by partitioning a dataset on a...
AI and the internetv3AI and the internet describes the ways that generative AI is reshaping the open web: how content is produced and discovered, how traffic flows between sites,...
Isaac GR00Tv11Isaac GR00T (short for Generalist Robot 00 Technology) is an open foundation model family from NVIDIA that gives humanoid robots a single, pretrained "AI...
Interpretabilityv6See also: Machine learning terms Interpretability in artificial intelligence is the degree to which a human can understand the cause of a decision a machine...
Kerasv6Keras is an open-source, high-level neural network API written in Python that lets developers build, train, and deploy deep learning models with minimal code....
Itemsv4See also: Machine learning terms, Machine learning terms/Recommendation Systems In recommendation systems, items are the entities that the system recommends to...
In-Group Biasv4In-group bias (also called in-group favoritism or in-group preference) is the systematic tendency to favor members of one's own social group over members of...
IT Managementv4See also: IT Management ChatGPT Plugins IT management, sometimes broken out into IT service management (ITSM) and IT operations (ITOps), is the set of...
Hugging Facev13--- Private company Industry 2016 Founders New York City, US (offices in Paris) Key people The Hub, Transformers, Datasets, Spaces Funding ...
Independently and Identically Distributed (i.i.d.)v10See also: Machine learning terms, Probability, Statistics, Distribution shift, Out-of-distribution detection Independently and identically distributed...
Image Recognitionv11See also: Machine learning terms Image recognition is the field of artificial intelligence and computer vision that enables machines to identify, classify, and...
Image Classification Modelsv6See also: Computer Vision Models and Tasks Image classification models are machine learning systems that assign one or more category labels to a whole input...
Individual Fairnessv5Individual fairness is the principle in machine learning that any two individuals who are similar with respect to a task should receive similar algorithmic...
HumanEvalv11HumanEval is a benchmark for evaluating the code generation capabilities of large language models, consisting of 164 hand-written Python programming problems,...
InclusionAIv4AI research initiative / open-source AI lab Industry February 2025 Headquarters Zhengyu He (CTO of Ant Group), Richard Bian (product and growth lead), Wu...
Hyperparameterv12See also: Machine learning terms A hyperparameter is a configuration setting in a machine learning algorithm that is fixed by the practitioner before training...
Image-to-Text Modelsv6See also: Multimodal Models and Tasks Image-to-text models are machine learning systems that take an image as input and produce natural language text as...
Humanity's Last Examv10Humanity's Last Exam Abbreviation Multi-modal AI benchmark testing frontier knowledge across 100+ academic subjects, designed to be the most challenging...
Imbalanced Datasetv6An imbalanced dataset is a dataset used in machine learning where the classification categories are not approximately equally represented, so that one class...
Hyperplanev6A hyperplane is a flat, affine subspace of dimension n-1 embedded in an n-dimensional space, defined by the linear equation , where w is a normal vector and b...
Image-to-Image Modelsv5Image-to-image models (often shortened to img2img) are machine learning systems that take an input image and output a transformed version of it. The...
IFBenchv4IFBench (Instruction Following Benchmark) is an artificial intelligence benchmark that measures whether large language models can follow precise output...
Implicit Biasv7Implicit bias is an umbrella term that, in artificial intelligence and machine learning, refers to systematic tendencies operating below the surface of...
IT Management ChatGPT Pluginsv4IT management ChatGPT plugins were a group of third party extensions for ChatGPT focused on tasks that information technology teams handle every day, including...
Incompatibility of Fairness Metricsv5The incompatibility of fairness metrics (also called the impossibility theorem of fairness or fairness trade-offs) is the proven mathematical result that...
In-set conditionv4See also: Decision tree, Oblique condition, Threshold for decision trees, Categorical feature An in-set condition is a split condition used inside a decision...
Hierarchical Clusteringv7Hierarchical clustering is an unsupervised learning method that groups data into a tree of nested clusters, building the hierarchy by repeatedly merging the...
How to Steal ChatGPT-4, GPT-4 and other Proprietary LLMsv4See also: Guides and Security This article is a defensive and academic survey of how proprietary large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4, ChatGPT, Claude,...
Gym (OpenAI Gym / Gymnasium)v8Gym, often written as OpenAI Gym, is an open source Python toolkit for developing and comparing reinforcement learning algorithms, originally released by...
Ground Truthv7Ground truth is verified, correct information that serves as the authoritative reference for training and evaluating machine learning models. In supervised...
Health ChatGPT Pluginsv4Health ChatGPT plugins were a now-deprecated category of third-party tools that extended ChatGPT with capabilities for tracking nutrition, exercise, hydration,...
HealthBench Hardv3HealthBench Hard Abbreviation A 1,000 example curated subset of HealthBench, selected because frontier models score poorly on it Release date 1.0 ...
Guidesv7See also: Terms, Models and Applications The Guides section of AI Wiki is a curated index of how-to articles, explainer pages, reading lists, and reference...
Hashingv6See also: Machine learning terms Hashing in machine learning is the use of hash functions to map data of arbitrary size (a word, a URL, a document, a vector)...
Heuristicv5A heuristic is a practical problem-solving approach that trades optimality, completeness, accuracy, or precision for speed, producing a good-enough answer when...
HealthBenchv5--- Full name HealthBench Description May 12, 2025 (paper May 13, 2025) Latest version Rahul K. Arora, Jason Wei, Rebecca Soskin Hicks, Preston...
How to Pressure LLMs for Better Outputv5See also: Prompt engineering, Chain-of-thought prompting, LLM anxiety, and Large language model Pressuring large language models (LLMs) is a family of prompt...
Hidden Layerv10See also: neural network, input layer, output layer, activation function A hidden layer is a layer of artificial neurons in a neural network that sits between...
Hinge Lossv7Hinge loss is the margin-based loss function defined as max(0, 1 - y f(x)), used to train support vector machines (SVMs) and other maximum-margin classifiers,...
Healthv5See also: Health ChatGPT Plugins AI in healthcare is the use of artificial intelligence, and especially machine learning, to diagnose disease, discover drugs,...
HellaSwagv9HellaSwag is a commonsense reasoning benchmark for language models, introduced by Rowan Zellers, Ari Holtzman, Yonatan Bisk, Ali Farhadi, and Yejin Choi in the...
Group Attribution Biasv6Group attribution bias is the tendency to assume that what is true of one member of a group is true of the entire group, or that a group's collective decision...
How to Prevent OpenAI and Google From Training Their LLMs on Your Website's Datav4See also: Guides You can stop OpenAI, Google, Anthropic, and most other major AI companies from using your website to train large language models (LLMs) by...
Hallucinationv8Hallucination in artificial intelligence is the generation of output that is fluent, confident, and plausible but factually incorrect, fabricated, or not...
Gym Retrov4Gym Retro is an open-source reinforcement learning (RL) research platform from OpenAI, released in full in May 2018, that turns roughly 1,000 classic console...
Holdout datav5See also: Machine learning terms Holdout data is a portion of a labeled dataset that is deliberately kept out of training so it can be used later to evaluate...
Grok 3 Jailbreakv4See also: Artificial intelligence terms, Prompt injection, LLM jailbreak, AI safety. Grok 3 jailbreak is the umbrella term for a class of reported...
GeoAIv4GeoAI, short for geospatial artificial intelligence, is the application of artificial intelligence, especially machine learning and deep learning, to...
Greedy Policyv6In reinforcement learning, a greedy policy is a decision rule that, in every state, selects the action with the highest estimated value, formally the action...
Gradient boosted (decision) trees (GBT)v7See also: Machine learning terms, Gradient boosting Gradient boosted decision trees (GBT, also written GBDT, GBM, or GBRT) is an ensemble method that builds a...
Gradientv6In machine learning, the gradient is the vector of partial derivatives of a loss function with respect to every model parameter, and it points in the direction...
Generative Modelv8See also: Machine learning terms, Discriminative model A generative model is a class of statistical and machine learning model that learns the joint...