Muks Robotics

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Muks Robotics is an Indian artificial intelligence and robotics company, formally registered as Muks Robotics AI Pvt. Ltd., that builds AI-powered autonomous robots, including the Spaceo line of humanoid robots. Headquartered in Pune, Maharashtra, it was founded in 2021 by Dr. Mukesh Bangar, who serves as Founder, CEO, and CTO. The company's flagship product is the Spaceo M1 social humanoid robot, which in February 2026 became one of the first Indian-designed humanoids trialed in a live public airport, when the Airports Authority of India deployed it at Pune Airport.^[1][6][7]

The company name "MUKS" is an acronym for Machine Understanding and Knowledge Synthesis. Muks Robotics operates as a bootstrapped startup with between 11 and 50 employees from offices at Nyati Emporius, adjacent to the Chhatrapati Shivaji Sports Complex in Pune.^[1][8][29] Its products are powered by FusionMax, a proprietary 2-billion-parameter Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) AI system that the company describes as an omni-modal "physical AI" engine running entirely on-device.^[30]

The Spaceo product line includes the Spaceo M1 social humanoid, the Spaceo Pro industrial humanoid, and the in-development Spaceo Prime bipedal humanoid intended for planetary exploration. Alongside the humanoids, Muks Robotics produces an AI vision platform (DeepVision Pro), an intelligent surveillance system (WatchMan), the Guardeo quadruped robot, and the Mobile Vision Robot for autonomous rail surveillance.^{[2][4][5][30]} The company markets the Spaceo series as India's first mass-producible humanoid robot line and reports enterprise clients including Tata Motors, Indian Railways, Adani Wilmar, CG Power, Parker Hannifin, and Rashtriya Chemicals and Fertilizers (RCF), along with collaborations involving the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).^[1][2][3][5]

What is Muks Robotics?

Muks Robotics is a full-stack robotics company that designs, builds, and deploys AI-driven robots in-house, from the AI model down to the hardware. It positions itself as an Indian humanoid robotics specialist aligned with the country's Make in India initiative, offering indigenously designed alternatives to international humanoid manufacturers.^[1][2][5] The company is best known for the Spaceo humanoid series and its FusionMax AI system, which it markets as enabling robots to operate offline, without cloud connectivity.^[10][30]

The company's stated mission is "to build fully autonomous humanoids for earth and beyond," and its broader philosophy ties the company name to the Sanskrit concept of liberation (Moksh). Dr. Bangar has framed this as: "I firmly believe that true freedom from pain and suffering (Moksh) can be achieved through self-sustaining autonomous robots."^[1] The company describes long-term ambitions spanning service robotics, industrial automation, defense, and eventual planetary exploration, with a target of full-scale deployment by 2032, and lists core values emphasizing rapid iteration with quality, human-centered technology, integrity, and collaborative development.^[1][2][18]

The planetary-exploration ambition, embodied by the in-development Spaceo Prime, is central to the company's identity. Dr. Bangar has stated: "Robots will be the first settlers on Mars. They will gather data, prepare habitats, and support human crews that come later. We want those robots to be built here, in India."^[5][18]

According to the startup-tracking platform Tracxn, Muks Robotics ranks 25th among 119 active competitors in its segment (34 of which are funded) and 11th in terms of total funding among those peers, with named top competitors including Agility Robotics, Apptronik, and Unitree Robotics.^[8] Several third-party trackers report differing financial estimates for the privately held company, so figures below are attributed to their sources.

Where is Muks Robotics based?

Muks Robotics is headquartered in Pune, Maharashtra, India. Its registered office is at Office No. 201, Nyati Emporius, adjacent to the Chhatrapati Shivaji Sports Complex, Pune, Maharashtra 411045. The company is registered as Muks Robotics AI Pvt. Ltd. under GST identification number 27AAQCM6042D1ZE, and employs between 11 and 50 people. Business inquiries are handled through biz@muksrobotics.com.^{[1][8][19][29]}

Who founded Muks Robotics?

Muks Robotics was founded in 2021 by Dr. Mukesh Bangar, who holds the combined roles of Founder, CEO, and CTO. His path into robotics is unusual: before entering the field he trained in medical science, earning a Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) degree. He is described in company and media materials as a self-taught AI and robotics engineer who spent more than a decade independently researching core cognitive processes, including consciousness, learning, imagination, reasoning, and machine self-awareness.^[1][2][9]

According to his published biography, Dr. Bangar authored two research works on cognition and consciousness before establishing the company, titled Thinking Circuit (2013) and Cognitive Model of Consciousness in Toto (2017), which he presents as the conceptual groundwork for the company's approach to machine intelligence.^[1][2][9] Multiple independent outlets note that he previously worked as a dentist before transitioning to robotics entrepreneurship.^[9][10]

Prior to Muks Robotics, Dr. Bangar's biography lists technology roles including Director at Smart Home Designs and Chief Technology Officer and Director at Inorganicmind Automation Pvt. Ltd. He is also credited with developing an AI-based operating system for Android devices that the company says achieved over 100,000 downloads.^[1][9][11]

What has Muks Robotics built?

Muks Robotics' product portfolio spans humanoid robots, a quadruped robot, AI vision systems, intelligent surveillance, and specialized industrial robots. All products share the FusionMax AI architecture as their core intelligence layer.^[2][4][30]

The Spaceo humanoid line

The Spaceo series is the company's flagship product line, comprising three humanoid variants that target different market segments.

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Spaceo M1

The Spaceo M1 is an autonomous social humanoid robot designed for customer-facing service roles. Per the company's specification sheet, it stands 1,625 mm tall, weighs approximately 45 kg with battery, and moves on a wheeled base at up to 1.5 m/s. It has 12 degrees of freedom (5 per arm plus 2 in the base), a 7-inch LED touch display, and a quoted battery life of around 8 hours (72 hours standby). The standard compute is an AMD Ryzen 7 processor (16 GB RAM, 500 GB SSD), with an NVIDIA Jetson Orin AGX option rated at roughly 275 TOPS.^[17] Secondary product listings report a single-arm reach of about 650 mm, a single-arm lift of up to 60 kg, and a columnar trunk rated for payloads up to 100 kg, with joints fitted with dual encoders.^[20] For perception, the same listings describe FusionMax fusing RGB video, 3D LiDAR, a four-microphone array, and tactile feedback to support multilingual conversation, emotion recognition, and autonomous path planning even when the network is unavailable.^[20] Muks Robotics markets the M1 as an "affordable innovation" with pre-orders from approximately $11,000 USD, positioning it as one of the lower-cost social humanoids on the market and targeting mass production from 2025.^[20] The M1 has gone through multiple design iterations (Gen 1 through Gen 3), was publicly unveiled at the India Today Conclave 2025, and was subsequently trialed at Pune Airport in February 2026.^[1][6][17]

Spaceo Pro

The Spaceo Pro is an industrial humanoid robot built for heavy-duty automation. According to published specifications, it has an adjustable height from 1,670 mm to 2,100 mm (about 7 feet at maximum), weighs approximately 65 kg with battery, and reaches speeds up to 2 m/s on a wheeled base. It has dual 7-DOF arms, each rated to lift 10 kg, with a total platform payload capacity of 200 kg. The Pro uses harmonic drive actuators with double encoders, a maximum torque of 66 N.m at the waist joint, and plus or minus 2 mm positioning accuracy. For perception it carries 4D ultra-wide-angle LiDAR and an Intel RealSense D435i depth camera, and it is powered by an NVIDIA Ampere-architecture GPU delivering 275 TOPS (INT8) alongside an Intel Core i5 CPU (16 GB RAM, 500 GB SSD).^[22][23][24] It targets manufacturing, logistics, and warehouse environments.^[2][22]

Spaceo Prime

Spaceo Prime is the most ambitious variant in the Spaceo line. Unlike the wheeled M1 and Pro, it is designed as a bipedal humanoid engineered for operation in extreme environments beyond Earth. Muks Robotics says it is intended to perform autonomous sample collection, environmental analysis, on-site testing, obstacle detection, and infrastructure assistance on the Moon and Mars. The company targets 2032 for completion of Spaceo Prime development, with aspirations to collaborate with space agencies. As of early 2026, the product is listed as "Coming Soon" on the company's website with limited public technical detail.^[17][18][25]

Guardeo quadruped robot

Guardeo is an AI-powered quadruped (four-legged) robot designed for security, surveillance, and inspection. Per its product listing, the robot weighs 13.5 kg and can traverse uneven surfaces, including staircases, while carrying a payload of up to 3 kg. It is equipped with 8 depth cameras, an AI vision system the company says can detect up to 1,000 object types, and proximity sensors for situational awareness. The listing describes an NVIDIA TX2 processor (16-core CPU plus GPU, 384 cores, 1.5 TFLOPS), WiFi/5G connectivity, a 4,600 mAh battery, and walking speeds up to 17 km/h, running a custom application the company calls MuksOS.^[19][26]

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Guardeo was demonstrated alongside the Spaceo humanoids at the India Today Conclave 2025, where the robot dogs performed synchronized movements on stage.^[12][14] The company describes a variant, the Guardeo Inspection Robot, for high-risk border surveillance with multi-sensor hazard detection, developed in collaboration with DRDO. Beyond security, the company says Guardeo can also deliver materials such as food, drinks, or medicines in controlled environments.^[5][26]

DeepVision Pro, WatchMan, and Mobile Vision Robot

DeepVision Pro is Muks Robotics' AI-powered machine vision platform for industrial quality control, defect detection, and automation. The system provides 2D and 3D vision for applications including machine learning-based quality control, optical character recognition (OCR), object detection, dimensioning, and 3D profiling. The company reports DeepVision Pro deployments at enterprises including Tata Motors (defect detection, dimensioning, and 3D profiling in automotive manufacturing), Adani Wilmar, Parker Hannifin, and RCF. It was one of the company's earliest revenue-generating products, deployed to enterprise clients beginning in 2023 and 2024, before the Spaceo humanoid line reached production readiness.^[3][4][5]

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WatchMan is an intelligent surveillance and AI video-analytics platform offering real-time perimeter protection, anomaly detection, human tracking, and incident tracking. The company reports WatchMan deployments at CG Power and RCF.^[4][5] The Mobile Vision Robot is an autonomous surveillance system developed for Indian Railways, selected as part of a project in 2023, that performs autonomous rail surveillance by combining DeepVision Pro capabilities with a mobile robotic platform.^[1][3] Muks Robotics has also developed a spray-painting robot for industrial automation, built for Intuitive Research and Development, though detailed specifications have not been publicly disclosed.^[1]

How does FusionMax work?

FusionMax is the proprietary AI system at the core of all Muks Robotics products. The company describes it as a 2-billion-parameter Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) model purpose-built for robotics rather than general-purpose use, and as a Vision-Audio-Language-Action (VALA) system that activates specialized expert modules depending on its input. Unlike conventional large language models, FusionMax is presented as unifying multiple modalities into a single system: RGB vision and depth sensing, spatial audio, proprioceptive feedback (joint positions and torque), and natural language understanding grounded in the robot's body state and spatial context.^[2][4][30]

A key architectural feature the company highlights is dual time-scale reasoning. At the high level, the model processes semantic meaning, instructions, and perception to decompose complex tasks into structured subtasks. At the low level, it generates motor-control commands for continuous physical movement. The company says this separation enables long-horizon planning while preserving real-time responsiveness during physical execution.^[30] FusionMax is described as running on NVIDIA Jetson Thor for on-device inference, with a hybrid LAN mode that distributes computing across multiple robots on a local network for multi-robot scalability.^[30]

Key capabilities the company attributes to FusionMax include:

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Dr. Bangar has framed the design goal behind the system as bringing computation to the robot itself: "FusionMax was designed to bring intelligence closer to the edge. It allows our robots to think, adapt, and learn in real time, even in disconnected settings like outer space or high-risk industrial zones."^[10]

The ability to operate entirely offline is a strategic differentiator the company emphasizes, since it eliminates ongoing cloud-computing costs and suits secure environments, locations with unreliable internet, and deployments where data privacy is a concern. According to the company, this is particularly relevant for its defense collaborations and its long-term vision for space exploration, where connectivity to cloud servers would be impossible.^[2][4][10]

Muks Core B1

Muks Robotics also describes the Muks Core B1, which it markets as the world's first artificial general intelligence (AGI) system designed specifically for robots. The company presents Core B1 as a computing platform composed of a Neural Processing Unit (NPU) and an AGI software layer, intended to serve as the next-generation intelligence backbone across the Spaceo line; it says the Guardeo quadruped already runs on the Muks B1 AGI NPU. The "AGI" framing originates from the company's own marketing, and specific deployment timelines and independent benchmarks for the broader Core B1 rollout have not been publicly detailed as of early 2026.^[9][17][26]

When was the Spaceo M1 unveiled?

Muks Robotics' breakthrough into public visibility came in March 2025 at the India Today Conclave 2025, the 22nd edition of the annual event held at Taj Palace, New Delhi, under the theme "The Age of Acceleration." During a session titled "Robo Soldiers and Cyber Hounds," the company publicly unveiled both the Spaceo Pro Gen 1 industrial humanoid and the Spaceo M1 social humanoid for the first time. The Spaceo humanoids and Guardeo robot dogs performed synchronized movements on stage, with Dr. Bangar presenting the company's vision for autonomous robotics. Videos of the demonstration circulated widely on Indian social media and news outlets, generating significant public attention for the Pune-based startup, which positions the Spaceo line as an indigenously designed, Make in India humanoid platform.^{[12][13][14][15][21]}

Later in 2025, the company reported deals with the Indian Army and Emirates Airlines for pilot programs, and said it had deepened collaborations with DRDO and ISRO for defense and space robotics. The Indian Army engagement involved robotics solutions for defense applications, while the Emirates Airlines pilot focused on service robotics in Dubai.^[1][3][5]

What happened at the Pune Airport trial?

In February 2026, the Airports Authority of India (AAI) initiated a pilot deployment of the Spaceo M1 at Pune Airport (Lohegaon Airport). The trial began on February 26, 2026, and ran for an 8 to 10 day evaluation period. The robot was stationed on the arrivals side and navigated autonomously across multiple airport zones, including the main entrance, check-in areas, boarding gates, and baggage claim. During the trial, reporting indicates the M1 performed over 35 independent tasks, including providing real-time flight information, guiding passengers in 85+ languages, and assisting with luggage weighing up to 60 kg.^[6][7][16] Beyond core wayfinding, the robot was reported to answer passenger queries on airport amenities, dining options, and boarding procedures, and to field broader requests such as local tourist spots, cab bookings, and restaurant recommendations.^[6][16]

Pune Airport Director Santosh Dhoke confirmed that the trial aimed to evaluate the robot's performance, passenger interaction, and technical capabilities, and that at least three M1 units would be needed for full airport coverage if the trial proved successful.^[6][7] The robot was reported to navigate the terminal autonomously while interacting with travelers in real time.^[7][16] The deployment attracted significant media coverage as one of the first instances of an Indian-designed and manufactured humanoid robot being trialed in a live public-infrastructure setting managed by a government authority. Following the airport trial, Muks Robotics announced plans for additional public deployments at Pune Metro's Civil Court station (scheduled for March 2026) and a potential future deployment at the under-construction Navi Mumbai International Airport.^[6][7]

Who are Muks Robotics' clients and partners?

Muks Robotics reports a diverse portfolio of enterprise clients and government partnerships across multiple sectors. Several of these relationships are confirmed on the company's own materials and in Indian media coverage.^[1][3][5]

Enterprise clients

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Tata Motors is described as the company's first major enterprise client, onboarded in 2023 for DeepVision Pro machine-vision systems used in automotive defect detection and quality control. Indian Railways also came on board in 2023 for the Mobile Vision Robot project.^[1][3][5]

Government and defense partnerships

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Dr. Bangar highlighted the DRDO collaboration at the India Today Conclave 2025, describing joint work on robots able to explore areas inaccessible to humans, including the Guardeo Inspection Robot for high-risk border surveillance with multi-sensor hazard detection. The company also reports an engagement with ISRO for space-related robotics aligned with its Spaceo Prime program.^[5][10][18]

International engagements

Muks Robotics reports a pilot program with Emirates Airlines in 2025 for service robotics in Dubai, and engagements with international clients from Finland and other countries, though specific details of these relationships have not been publicly disclosed.^[1][3]

How is Muks Robotics funded?

As of early 2026, Muks Robotics is an unfunded (bootstrapped) company that has not raised external venture capital. The startup-tracking platform Tracxn reports annual revenue of approximately INR 1.97 crore (roughly $240,000 USD) for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2025.^[8] Other third-party trackers publish materially different estimates for the privately held firm, so these figures should be treated as estimates rather than audited results. The company operates as a vertically integrated, full-stack robotics business, handling research, design, and manufacturing in-house, an approach it presents as central to controlling costs and iterating rapidly, and it aligns its products with India's Make in India initiative.^[1][2][5]

Founder: Dr. Mukesh Bangar

Dr. Mukesh Bangar is the founder, CEO, and CTO of Muks Robotics. His trajectory from a medical background to AI robotics is one of the more unusual founding stories in the humanoid robotics industry, and it is frequently noted in coverage of the company.^[9][10][11]

Education and research

Dr. Bangar earned a Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) degree before turning to cognitive science and artificial intelligence. According to his biography, he spent more than a decade conducting independent research on the human brain and core cognitive processes, resulting in two published works.^[9][11]

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The company says these works explored the intersection of neuroscience and computation, proposing frameworks for how machines might replicate aspects of human cognition such as consciousness, learning, imagination, and reasoning, and that Dr. Bangar's medical background continues to inform the company's robot-design approach.^[1][2][10]

Career in technology

Before founding Muks Robotics, Dr. Bangar's biography lists roles as Director at Smart Home Designs and as Chief Technology Officer and Director at Inorganicmind Automation Pvt. Ltd. He is also credited with developing an AI-based operating system for Android devices that the company says achieved over 100,000 downloads. He maintains a public presence on LinkedIn, where he has posted about building physical AI with tools such as LeRobot and FusionMax, and has been described in Indian media as a researcher with more than 12 years of experience in AI and cognitive modeling.^[1][9][11]

Company timeline

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How does Muks Robotics compare to other humanoid companies?

India's robotics ecosystem

Muks Robotics operates within a growing Indian robotics industry supported by increasing government investment and the Make in India initiative. India's Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) has introduced schemes and incentives for robotics innovation. India's robotics-in-manufacturing market reached an estimated 6,500 units in 2024, with projections of about 26,700 units by 2033 at a CAGR of roughly 16.7%.^[27][28]

Several Indian companies are active in the robotics and humanoid space:

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Muks Robotics differentiates itself through a focus on mass-producible humanoids with in-house AI development and a vertically integrated design-to-manufacturing pipeline. Its bootstrapped growth, reaching enterprise clients such as Tata Motors and Indian Railways without external funding, is notable in a segment that typically requires significant capital.^[1][3][8]

Global positioning

In the global humanoid robot market, Muks Robotics competes across two segments. The Spaceo M1, marketed from approximately $11,000 USD, competes with service-oriented social humanoids such as those from SoftBank Robotics (Pepper) and various Chinese service-robot manufacturers. The Spaceo Pro targets the industrial humanoid segment alongside companies like Agility Robotics (Digit), Apptronik (Apollo), and Unitree Robotics (H1).^[8][17][22]

The company's stated competitive advantages include low price points (particularly the M1), on-device AI processing through FusionMax (eliminating ongoing cloud-computing costs), broad multilingual support (85+ languages), and positioning as an Indian-manufactured product eligible for Make in India procurement preferences. Its choice of wheeled locomotion for the M1 and Pro, while limiting terrain versatility, reduces mechanical complexity, lowers cost, and improves reliability for the flat indoor environments these robots target.^[2][17][20]

According to Tracxn, Muks Robotics ranks 25th among 119 active competitors in its segment (34 of which are funded) and 11th in total funding among those peers, with top competitors including Agility Robotics, Apptronik, and Unitree Robotics. Despite being bootstrapped, this positioning suggests early commercial traction relative to its size and funding status.^[8]

Simple explanation (ELI5)

Muks Robotics is a small company in Pune, India, that builds robots. Its most famous robot is a friendly, wheeled human-shaped robot called Spaceo M1 that can talk in many languages, recognize faces, and help people, for example by giving directions and carrying luggage at an airport. The company also makes a stronger factory robot (Spaceo Pro) and a robot dog (Guardeo). All of these robots run on the company's own AI "brain" called FusionMax, which works without needing the internet. The founder, Dr. Mukesh Bangar, used to be a dentist before he taught himself to build robots, and his big dream is to one day send robots to the Moon and Mars.

See also

• Humanoid robot
• Spaceo M1
• Spaceo Pro
• FusionMax
• Mixture of Experts
• Robotics
• Make in India
• Humanoid robot market

References

1. About Muks Robotics - Official Company Page ↩
2. India Unveils Its First Mass-Produced Humanoid Robot Series, Spaceo - ITBear ↩
3. Dr. Mukesh Bangar's Vision for Humanoid Robots is Putting India on the AI Robotics Map - Borok Times ↩
4. Muks Robotics Leads India's Humanoid Robot Revolution with Fusion AI Tech - Hindustan Metro ↩
5. India's Rising Force in Humanoid Robotics: Muks Robotics Blends AI with Real-World Automation - Fox Story India ↩
6. AI-Powered Humanoid Robot 'Spaceo M1' Begins Trial Run at Pune Airport - Pune Pulse ↩
7. Pune Welcomes Its First Humanoid Airport Robot, Spaceo M1 Guides Travellers - The Bridge Chronicle ↩
8. Muks Robotics Company Profile - Tracxn ↩
9. India's Muks Robotics Unveils 'AGI-Powered' Humanoid Robots - Mike Kalil ↩
10. Muks Robotics Leads India's Humanoid Robot Revolution with Fusion AI Tech - Indian Express Daily ↩
11. Dr. Mukesh Bangar - The Org ↩
12. Live Demo Of Muks Robotics: Robo-Soldiers and Cyber-Hounds At The India Today Conclave - Business Today ↩
13. India Today Conclave 2025: Live Demo of Spaceo Humanoid and Guardeo Robo Dogs - Aaj Tak ↩
14. India Today Conclave 2025: Humanoid Robot and Robo Dogs session - GNT TV ↩
15. Global leaders, innovators and visionaries unite for India Today Conclave 2025 - Exchange4media ↩
16. Pune Airport tests multilingual AI robot for passenger assistance - VarIndia ↩
17. Spaceo M1 - Muks Robotics official product page ↩
18. Pune-based company developing humanoid robots to explore Moon, Mars - NewsBytes ↩
19. Muks Robotics AI Private Limited - IndiaMART ↩
20. Spaceo M1 - Humanoid.guide ↩
21. Pune Innovators Unveil SPACEO M1: India's Trailblazing Autonomous Humanoid - Indian Defence News ↩
22. Spaceo Pro specifications - Aparobot.com ↩
23. Spaceo Pro - Humanoid.guide ↩
24. Spaceo Industrial Humanoid Robot Unveiled by Muks Robotics - Geeky Gadgets ↩
25. SPACEO Prime - Muks Robotics ↩
26. Guardeo Service Robot - IndiaMART ↩
27. Spaceo M1 Robot Details - Aparobot ↩
28. India Robotics in Manufacturing Market Size and Trends - IMARC Group ↩
29. Muks Robotics - Robotics Company - Aparobot.com ↩
30. FusionMax - Physical AI Intelligence Engine by Muks Robotics ↩